Screening and bioinformatics analysis of key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis / 器官移植

Objective To screen key autophagy-related genes in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and investigate potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH. Methods Two AH gene chips in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and autophagy-related data sets obtained from MSigDB and GeneCards databases were used, and the key genes were verified and obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The screened key genes were subject to gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interaction (PPI) and immune infiltration analyses. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- microRNA (miRNA) network was constructed to analyze the expression differences of key autophagy-related genes during different stages of AH, which were further validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in the liver tissues of AH patients and mice. Results Eleven autophagy-related genes were screened in AH (EEF1A2, CFTR, SOX4, TREM2, CTHRC1, HSPB8, TUBB3, PRKAA2, RNASE1, MTCL1 and HGF), all of which were up-regulated. In the liver tissues of AH patients and mice, the relative expression levels of SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 in the AH group were higher than those in the control group. Conclusions SOX4, TREM2, HSPB8 and PRKAA2 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AH.

Clinical Efficacy of Niaoxue No.1 Prescription in Treatment of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis with Blood Heat and Stasis Syndrome in Children / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Niaoxue No.1 Prescription in treating Henoch-Schönlein purpura （HSP） nephritis with blood heat and stasis syndrome and its effect on urine erythrocyte， urine protein， blood neutrophils， and blood routine-derived indicators. MethodA multicenter， randomized controlled trial （RCT） was conducted involving 108 HSP nephritis patients from three hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into a control group （54 cases） and a treatment group （54 cases）. The treatment group received Niaoxue No.1 prescription once daily， while the control group was treated with captopril and ferulic acid tablets. Both groups underwent a 4-week course of treatment. The urine erythrocyte， urine microalbumin （mAlb）， urine sediment red blood cell count， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， 24-hour urine protein， blood neutrophil count， neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio （NLR）， platelet to lymphocyte ratio （PLR）， lymphocyte to monocyte ratio （LMR）， D-dimer， and immunoglobulin A were detected. The recurrence rate of HSP nephritis was followed up for 6 months. ResultThe total effective rates were 88.9% （48/54） in the treatment group and 70.4% （38/54） in the control group， and the treatment group was superior to the control group （χ2=5.708， P<0.05）. Compared with the results before treatment， after 14 days of treatment， the TCM syndrome total score， urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， and 24-hour urine protein in both groups significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the improvement was more significant in the treatment group than the control group （P<0.05）. After 28 days of treatment， compared with the results before treatment， the TCM syndrome total score， urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， urine sediment red blood cell count， D-dimer， and 24-hour urine protein in both groups significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）， with the treatment group showing a more significant reduction in urine mAlb than the control group （P<0.05）. On the 14th and 28th days of treatment， the neutrophil percentage and NLR were lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P<0.05）， while there was no statistically significant difference in PLR and LMR. The recurrence rate of nephritis in both groups showed no statistically significant difference after a 6-month follow-up. ConclusionNiaoxue No.1 Prescription in the treatment of HSP nephritis with blood heat and stasis syndrome can significantly improve clinical symptoms， shorten the course of the disease， and reduce urine erythrocyte， urine mAlb， 24-hour urine protein， blood neutrophils， and NLR， thereby effectively alleviating the inflammatory state and reducing kidney damage in children with HSP nephritis.

Quality management characteristics of mass spectrometry in clinical application / 中华检验医学杂志

Most of the clinical mass spectrometry methods are laboratory-developed tests and lack standardization. Therefore, quality management plays a particularly important role. Compared with conventional methods, mass spectrometry methods have specific quality management points and countermeasures. Firstly, the accuracy of standard and method performance verification should be emphasized in the development stage. Secondly, during actual operation, individual review of data such as retention time, internal standard intensity, and ion ratio of samples is necessary. It is also important to analyze the signal-to-noise ratio and internal variability across the batch of samples as a whole. For long-term project management, retrospective analysis and participation in interlaboratory quality evaluation projects are essential.

Application of the CBL combined with TBL based on SP teaching method in clinical teaching of department of intensive care medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To study the teaching effect of the teaching method of case-based learning (CBL) combined with team-based learning (TBL) based on the standard patient (SP) in the clinical teaching of department of intensive care medicine.Methods:A total of 60 medical students clinically studying in the department of intensive care medicine were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 30 students in each group. The two groups received the clinical teaching through the lecture-based learning (LBL) teaching method and the CBL combined with TBL based on SP teaching method respectively. By evaluating the clinical synthesis ability of the students of two groups and the satisfaction survey of the two teaching methods, the teaching effect was evaluated. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to perform Chi-square test and t-test. Results:Compared with LBL teaching method, the students who accepted the CBL combined with TBL based on SP teaching method had significantly better clinical comprehensive ability ( P < 0.05), mainly in their clinical thinking ability [(4.18±0.55) vs. (3.66±0.47)], clinical skills [(4.03±0.61) vs. (3.59±0.52)] and communication ability with patients [(4.11±0.58) vs. (3.74±0.50)]. In addition, student satisfaction with teaching methods was also higher ( P <0.05), especially in the satisfaction of learning interest [(4.38 ± 0.72) vs. (3.65±0.56)], self-learning ability [(4.24±0.71) vs. (3.91±0.52)], clinical thinking ability [(4.09±0.66) vs. (3.22±0.54)], communication ability [(4.42±0.60) vs. (3.67±0.48)], and team cooperation spirit [(4.15±0.58) vs. (3.78±0.51)]. Conclusion:The teaching method of CBL combined with TBL based on SP is feasible and has good teaching effect in the clinical teaching of department of intensive care medicine.

Early efficacy of three dimensional printed anatomical biomimetic cervical artificial disc replacement in the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new cervical artificial disc prosthesis in the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases. Methods: The clinical data of 18 patients with single-level cervical degenerative diseases who underwent three dimensional printed anatomical bionic cervical disc replacement at Department of Spinal Surgery,Honghui Hospital,Xi'an Jiaotong University from May 2019 to July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 11 females,aged (45±8) years old(range:28 to 58 years).The surgical segment was located at C3－4 level in 2 cases, C4－5 level in 5 cases, C5－6 level in 9 cases, and C6－7 level in 2 cases.The clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded and compared at preoperative,postoperative times of one month and twelve months.The clinical assessments contained Japanese orthopedic association (JOA) score,neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS).Imaging assessments included range of motion (ROM) of cervical spine, prosthesis subsidence and prosthesis anteroposterior migration.Repeated measurement variance analysis was used for comparison between groups,and paired t test was used for pairwise comparison. Results: All patients underwent the operation successfully and were followed up for more than 12 months.Compared with preoperative score,the JOA score,NDI and VAS were significantly improved after surgery (all P<0.01).There was no significant difference in postoperative ROM compared with 1-and 12-month preoperative ROM (t=1.570,P=0.135;t=1.744,P=0.099). The prosthesis subsidence was (0.29±0.13) mm (range: 0.18 to 0.50 mm) at 12-month postoperatively.The migration of prosthesis at 12-months postoperatively were (0.71±0.20) mm (range: 0.44 to 1.08 mm).There was no prosthesis subsidence or migration>2 mm at 12-month postoperatively. Conclusion: Three dimensional printed anatomical biomimetic cervical artificial disc replacement has a good early clinical effect in the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases, good mobility can be obtained while maintaining stability.

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases Induced by Air Pollution / 中国医学科学院学报

Air pollution has severe detrimental effects on public health.A substantial number of studies have demonstrated that air pollution exposure is a risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and a cause of non-communicable diseases.Both long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution are associated with respiratory diseases,stroke,coronary artery disease,and diabetes.Aiming to better understand the association,we reviewed the latest studies about the association of air pollution with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,especially stroke,coronary heart disease,arrhythmia,hypertension,and heart failure,and summarized the underlying mechanisms of the health damage caused by long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution.

Analysis of differential genes and metabolic pathway related to functional male sterility in eggplant / 生物工程学报

Based on observing the cytological characteristics of the flower buds of the functional male sterile line (S13) and the fertile line (F142) in eggplant, it was found that the disintegration period of the annular cell clusters in S13 anther was 2 days later than that of F142, and the cells of stomiun tissue and tapetum in F142 disintegrated on the blooming day, while it did not happen in S13. The comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 1 436 differential expression genes (DEGs) (651 up-regulated and 785 down-regulated) in anthers of F142 and S13 at 8, 5 days before flowering and flowering day. The significance analysis of GO enrichment indicated that there were more unigene clusters involved in single cell biological process, metabolism process and cell process, and more catalytic activity and binding function were involved in molecular functions. Through KEGG annotation we found that the common DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathway, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction. The fifteen genes co-expression modules were identified from 16 465 selected genes by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three of which (Plum2, Royalblue and Bisque4 modules) were highly related to S13 during flower development. KEGG enrichment showed that the specific modules could be enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism, fatty acid degradation and the mutual transformation of pentose and glucuronic acid. These genes might play important roles during flower development of S13. It provided a reference for further study on the mechanism of anther dehiscence in eggplant.

Modelos de predição clínica para lesão renal aguda na unidade de terapia intensiva: uma revisão sistemática / Clinical prediction models for acute kidney injury

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar os modelos atualmente disponíveis de predição para o desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda em unidades de terapia para adultos heterogêneas. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão sistemática dos modelos de predição de lesão renal aguda em unidades de terapia intensiva para pacientes adultos. Fizemos busca na base PubMed® quanto a publicações que relatassem desenvolvimento de um novo modelo de predição, validação de um modelo estabelecido, ou impacto de um modelo de predição existente para diagnóstico precoce de lesão renal aguda em unidades de terapia intensiva. Resultados: Triamos 583 artigos potencialmente relevantes. Dentre os 32 artigos que restaram após a primeira seleção, apenas 5 cumpriram os critérios para inclusão. As adaptações não padronizadas feitas para definir o valor inicial de creatinina sérica, quando o valor desse exame antes da admissão estava faltando, levaram a definições heterogêneas do resultado. Preditores comumente incluídos foram sepse, idade e nível de creatinina sérica. Os modelos finais incluíram entre 5 e 19 fatores de risco. As áreas sob a curva Característica de Operação do Receptor para predição do desenvolvimento de lesão renal aguda nas coortes de validação interna variaram entre 0,78 e 0,88. Apenas dois estudos tiveram validação externa. Conclusão: Os modelos de predição clínica de lesão renal aguda podem ajudar na aplicação em tempo apropriado de intervenções preventivas para os pacientes adequados. Contudo, poucos modelos foram externamente validados para as populações da unidade de terapia intensiva. Além disto, definições heterogêneas para lesão renal aguda e critérios de avaliação, e a falta de análise do impacto comprometem uma comparação abrangente dos modelos existentes. São necessárias novas pesquisas para validar os modelos estabelecidos e analisar seu impacto clínico, antes que estes possam ser aplicados na prática clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report on the currently available prediction models for the development of acute kidney injury in heterogeneous adult intensive care units. Methods: A systematic review of clinical prediction models for acute kidney injury in adult intensive care unit populations was carried out. PubMed® was searched for publications reporting on the development of a novel prediction model, validation of an established model, or impact of an existing prediction model for early acute kidney injury diagnosis in intensive care units. Results: We screened 583 potentially relevant articles. Among the 32 remaining articles in the first selection, only 5 met the inclusion criteria. The nonstandardized adaptations that were made to define baseline serum creatinine when the preadmission value was missing led to heterogeneous definitions of the outcome. Commonly included predictors were sepsis, age, and serum creatinine level. The final models included between 5 and 19 risk factors. The areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves to predict acute kidney injury development in the internal validation cohorts ranged from 0.78 to 0.88. Only two studies were externally validated. Conclusion: Clinical prediction models for acute kidney injury can help in applying more timely preventive interventions to the right patients. However, in intensive care unit populations, few models have been externally validated. In addition, heterogeneous definitions for acute kidney injury and evaluation criteria and the lack of impact analysis hamper a thorough comparison of existing models. Future research is needed to validate the established models and to analyze their clinical impact before they can be applied in clinical practice.

The influencing factors affecting accuracy of parents' self-assessment of dental caries status of children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of parents′ self-assessment of dental caries status of their children and to explore the relevant factors affecting accuracy.Methods:A total of 329 children in kindergarten of Science and Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum Corporation and their parents were recruited by convenience sampling method. The parents assessed their children's dental caries status and completed a questionnaire, and then children were examined by the dentists. The difference between parents and dentists′ the assessment of children's dental caries status and relevant influencing factors were analyzed.Results:51.06%(168/329) of the parents did not agree with the doctor's diagnosis in the assessment of children's caries. The rate of parents' missed diagnosis was 94.12%. Logistic regression analysis showed that 'children brush teeth everyday' ( OR value was 2.919), 'parents can help children brush their teeth' ( OR value was 2.670), 'parents can check results after children brushing their teeth '( OR value was 4.508), and 'children received the treatment of dental caries' ( OR value was 1.768) were significant influencing factors of parents' assessment accuracy ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The accuracy of parents' assessment of children′s dental caries status is low, and it is related to many factors. Attention should be paid to the implementation of oral heath behavior during oral health education, and parents' capacity of assessing children caries should be improved.

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Objective@#Rumination is a maladaptive emotional-regulation strategy that is strongly associated with depression. Impaired executive function can lead to difficulties in disengaging from rumination, thus exacerbating depression. In this study, we inspect an electroencephalograph neurofeedback protocol that enhance the target peak alpha frequency (PAF) activation in the prefrontal region. We examine the protocol’s effects on depression and rumination. @*Methods@#We randomly assigned 30 dysphoric participants into either the neurofeedback training group or the control group. We then evaluated their depression, rumination, and executive function at pre- and posttraining so as to examine the effects of the neurofeedback. @*Results@#The results show that this neurofeedback protocol can specifically enhance participants’ target PAF. The participants’ executive function performances significantly improved after undergoing 20 neurofeedback sessions. Compared with those in the control group, those in the neurofeedback group had significantly fewer depressive symptoms and significantly reduced rumination. Moreover, as target PAF and executive function improved, depression and rumination both declined. @*Conclusion@#Our data are in line with those of previous studies that indicated a relationship between upper-band alpha activity and executive function. This PAF neurofeedback can effectively enhance participants’ executive function, which can reduce rumination and ameliorate depression. This neurofeedback training is based on basic cognitive neuroscience, so it sheds light on depression’s pathological factors and etiology.

Inverse ratio ventilation combined with PEEP in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with one lung ventilation for lung cystadenomas: a randomized control trial of 63 cases / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with single lung ventilation (OLV) for lung cystadenomas.@*METHODS@#A total of 66 infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for lung cystadenomas in our hospital from February, 2018 to February, 2019 were randomized into conventional ventilation groups (group N, =33) and inverse ventilation group (group R, =33). Hemodynamics and respiratory parameters of the infants were recorded and arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 15 min after two lung ventilation (TLV) (T), OLV30 min (T), OLV60 min (T), and 15 min after recovery of TLV (T). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected before and after surgery to detect the expression level of advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE).@*RESULTS@#Sixty-three infants were finally included in this study. At T and T, Cdyn, PaO and OI in group R were significantly higher ( < 0.05) and Ppeak, PaCO and PA-aO were significantly lower than those in group N ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HR or MAP between the two groups at T and T ( > 0.05). The level of RAGE significantly increased after the surgery in both groups ( < 0.05), and was significantly lower in R group than in N group ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for pulmonary cystadenoma, appropriate IRV combined with PEEP does not affect hemodynamic stability and can increases pulmonary compliance, reduce the peak pressure, and improve oxygenation to provide pulmonary protection.

The influencing factors affecting accuracy of parents' self-assessment of dental caries status of children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To investigate the accuracy of parents′ self-assessment of dental caries status of their children and to explore the relevant factors affecting accuracy.@*Methods@#A total of 329 children in kindergarten of Science and Technology Research Institute of China Petroleum Corporation and their parents were recruited by convenience sampling method. The parents assessed their children's dental caries status and completed a questionnaire, and then children were examined by the dentists. The difference between parents and dentists′ the assessment of children's dental caries status and relevant influencing factors were analyzed.@*Results@#51.06%(168/329) of the parents did not agree with the doctor's diagnosis in the assessment of children's caries. The rate of parents' missed diagnosis was 94.12%. Logistic regression analysis showed that 'children brush teeth everyday' (OR value was 2.919), 'parents can help children brush their teeth' (OR value was 2.670), 'parents can check results after children brushing their teeth '(OR value was 4.508), and 'children received the treatment of dental caries' (OR value was 1.768) were significant influencing factors of parents' assessment accuracy (P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The accuracy of parents' assessment of children′s dental caries status is low, and it is related to many factors. Attention should be paid to the implementation of oral heath behavior during oral health education, and parents' capacity of assessing children caries should be improved.

Advances in research on the mechanism of DNA methylation in plants / 生物工程学报

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that forms an important regulation mechanism of gene expression in organisms across kingdoms. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation can lead to plant developmental abnormalities. In this article, we briefly discuss DNA methylation in plants and summarize its functions and biological roles in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability, plant development, as well as plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. We intended to provide a concise reference for further understanding of the mechanism of DNA methylation and potential applications of epigenetic manipulation for crop improvement.

Antibacterial secondary metabolites of Clonostachys rosea, an endophytic fungus from Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC / 生物工程学报

Endophytic fungus is an important treasure trove for discovery of structurally unusual and biologically diverse compounds. A phytochemical investigation on a fungus Clonostachys rosea inhabits inner tissue of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. was initiatedrecently in our lab. Six pure compounds were isolated through silica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC techniques, with bio-guided strategy. Their structures were characterized as verticillin A (1), (S)-(+)-fusarinolic acid (2), 8-hydroxyfusaric acid (3), cerebroside C (4), 3-Maleimide-5-oxime (5), and bionectriol A (6) by analyses of NMR and MS data. All compounds were tested in vitro antibacterial activities against four strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and results revealed that 1, 4 and 6 display notableinhibition againstthree bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 μg/mL. Our findings provide references for mining novel antibiotics from endophytes originated from Li Minority medicinal plant B. balsamifera (L.) DC.

Regulation of plant MYB transcription factors in anther development / 生物工程学报

MYB transcription factor is one of the largest transcription families and involved in plant growth and development, stress response, product metabolism and other processes. It regulates the development of plant flowers, especially anther development, a key role in the reproduction of plant progeny. Here, we discuss the regulatory effects of MYB transcription factors on the development of anther, including tapetum development, anther dehiscence, pollen development, carbohydrates and hormone pathways. We provide a reference for the further study of the regulation mechanism and network of plant anther development.

Platelet-rich plasma combined with core decompression and bone grafting in the treatment of non traumatic necrosis of femoral head in ARCO stageⅡ / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) combined with β tricalcium phosphate bioceramic bone in the treatment of non traumatic necrosis of the femoral head in ARCO stageⅡ.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to December 2018, 100 patients (160 hips) with ARCO stageⅡnon traumatic necrosis of the femoral head were divided into PRP group and control group. In PRP group, 50 patients (80 hips), 22 males and 28 females, aged from 18 to 65 (43.47± 7.23) years, with a course of 4 to 18 (15.8±2.9) months, underwent core decompression and bone grafting combined with PRP implantation. There were 50 cases (80 hips) in the control group, including 27 males and 23 females, aged 20 to 63 (45.72± 7.43) years, and the course of disease was 6 to 19 (14.9±3.8) months. Hip X-ay film was followed up after operation. Harris score and VAS score were used to evaluate the curative effect, and the survival rate of hip joint was recorded.@*RESULTS@#All patients had good wound healing, no infection, thrombosis and other complications. All patients were followed up for 12 to 14 (12.0±0.4) months. Twelve months after operation, the image expression of PRP group was better than that of control group(@*CONCLUSION@#Platelet-rich plasma(PRP) combined with artificialbone for core decompression and bone grafting can change the situation of simple artificial bone implantation and uncertain curative effect, improve the success rate of this operation, effectively reduce the collapse rate of femoral head necrosis in the early and middle stage, delay or even avoid hip replacement.

Inverse ratio ventilation combined with PEEP in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with one lung ventilation for lung cystadenomas: a randomized control trial of 63 cases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) combined with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with single lung ventilation (OLV) for lung cystadenomas.@*METHODS@#A total of 66 infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for lung cystadenomas in our hospital from February, 2018 to February, 2019 were randomized into conventional ventilation groups (group N, =33) and inverse ventilation group (group R, =33). Hemodynamics and respiratory parameters of the infants were recorded and arterial blood gas analysis was performed at 15 min after two lung ventilation (TLV) (T), OLV30 min (T), OLV60 min (T), and 15 min after recovery of TLV (T). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected before and after surgery to detect the expression level of advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE).@*RESULTS@#Sixty-three infants were finally included in this study. At T and T, Cdyn, PaO and OI in group R were significantly higher ( < 0.05) and Ppeak, PaCO and PA-aO were significantly lower than those in group N ( < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HR or MAP between the two groups at T and T ( > 0.05). The level of RAGE significantly increased after the surgery in both groups ( < 0.05), and was significantly lower in R group than in N group ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In infants undergoing thoracoscopic surgery with OLV for pulmonary cystadenoma, appropriate IRV combined with PEEP does not affect hemodynamic stability and can increases pulmonary compliance, reduce the peak pressure, and improve oxygenation to provide pulmonary protection.

wareness and knowledge of oral cancer among 1 483 residents in Beijing / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the oral cancer awareness, its related knowledge among residents in Beijing.@*METHODS@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among Beijing residents (non-medical related personnel) on the knowledge of oral cancer and its prevention and treatment.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1 483 questionnaires were completed, including 663 males (44.6%) and 820 females (55.3%), ranging from 15 to 91 years. Lung cancer was the most mentioned as heard of (94.3%), followed by liver cancer (92.5%) and gastric cancer (92.4%), while oral cancer was the least heard of (47.7%). Family account (P=0.015), residence (P=0.028), income (P=0.024), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001) and chew betel nut chewing (P=0.015) were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness. Most respondents learned about oral cancer from TV programs (24.3%), phone news (22.0%), WeChat (11.3%) and chatting with friends or people around (14.6%). Only 34.9% knew that smoking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with age (P=0.011), education level (P=0.007), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.002). Only 23.5% knew that drinking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with education level (P=0.002), residence (P=0.022), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.009), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.005). Only 35.1% knew that betel nut chewing was a risk factor for oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with age (P=0.040), education level (P=0.002), family account (P=0.002), income (P=0.005), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001), and betel nut chewing (P=0.002). Only 35.7%, 21.6% and 16.9%, respectively, knew that long-term unhealed ulcers, white plaques and red plaques in the mouth were the early signs of oral cancer.@*CONCLUSION@#This survey demonstrates a general lack of public awareness and knowledge about signs and symptoms of oral cancer, and its risk factors and treatment. Some residents have not formed good oral hygiene habits. Specific measures should be taken to improve the public awareness of oral cancer and related knowledge about prevention and treatment, such as the use of various new media for the public to promote their oral health knowledge, in order to reduce the incidence of oral cancer, improve early attendance rates and the patients' survival rates.

Pre- and post-treatment changes of gingvitis-associated peptidomic profiles in the saliva and gingival crevicular fluid by mass spectrometry / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To explore peptidomic changes of peptides in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment of gingivitis.@*Methods@#From January 2017 to September 2017, seventeen participants at the age of 24-62 (6 males and 11 females) at Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology with gingivitis were recruited in the present study. Their clinical parameters were measured and recorded. Saliva and GCF samples were collected from each of the participants at the baseline and 7 days after ultrasonic supragingival scaling, respectively. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed to detect the changes of peptidomic profiles, while ano-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC/ESI-MS/MS) was performed to identify the possible proteins from which the peptides might derive.@*Results@#Initially, four peptide peaks [mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values: 1 030.6, 1 043.4, 1 053.4 and 1 064.6] were screened out exhibiting a decreasing trend after treatment (P<0.05). Besides, five peptide peaks from gingival crevicular fluid (P<0.05) exhibited differential expression, among which 1 055.5 and 1 168.3 demonstrating a decrease after treatment, while 3 363.7, 3 480.9 and 3 489.5 increased overtime. Certain positive correlations were detected between some peptides and clinical parameters. Principle component analysis using the above mentioned peptide peaks showed a distinct distribution before and after treatment and peptides from GCF showed a slightly better capacity to discriminate patients before and after treatment. The peptides with m/z values of 1 055.5 in GCF and 1 064.6 in saliva were identified to be segments of serum albumin and complement C3, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Several differentially expressed peptides were detected in saliva and GCF by MALDI-TOF MS, exhibiting the potentiality to act as biomarkers in gingivitis patients.

Clinical prognosis analysis of collateral circulation and vascular recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke based on multiphase CTA / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the relationship between the status of collateral circulation provided by multiphase CT angiography and the benefit and risk of vascular recanalization in patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.@*Methods@#This retrospective study included 49 patients diagnosed with acute MCA occlusion and treated with rt-PA in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2017 to September 2018. According to the ASPECTS collateral circulation score, the patients were divided into two groups: good collateral group (n=31) and poor collateral group (n=18). The benefits and risks after thrombolysis in the two groups were compared, including 24-h NIHSS score, 30-day mortality, 90-day modified rankin scale (mRS) score, and the incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage. Statistical analysis was performed using t test, corrected χ2 test, or Fisher's exact test.@*Results@#The 24-h NIHSS score and 90-day mRS score in the good collateral group were significantly lower than those in the poor collateral group (4.6±5.6 vs 12.5±8.4, P=0.00; 1.7±1.7 vs 3.1±1.5, P<0.05). The incidence of NIHSS score improved by ≥50% and the incidence of 90-day mRS 0-2 was significantly higher in the good collateral group after 24 h of thrombolysis (77.4% vs 27.8%, P<0.05; 80.6% vs 27.8%, P=0.00); The incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage was significantly lower in the good collateral group than in the poor group (9.7% vs 50.0%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups after 30 days of thrombolysis (P>0.05), but the 30-day mortality of the poor collateral group was still greater than that of the good collateral group (11.1% vs 0%).@*Conclusion@#For patients with acute MCA infarction and receiving vascular recanalization therapy, patients with good collateral circulation can achieve good clinical outcomes, restore better recent neurological function, and obtain lower incidence of symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage and lower disability and mortality rate.